Search results for " MiRs"

Effects of resveratrol, curcumin, berberine and other nutraceuticals on aging, cancer development, cancer stem cells and microRNAs

2017

Natural products or nutraceuticals have been shown to elicit anti-aging, anti-cancer and other health-enhancing effects. A key target of the effects of natural products may be the regulation of microRNA (miR) expression which results in cell death or prevents aging, diabetes, cardiovascular and other diseases. This review will focus on a few natural products, especially on resveratrol (RES), curcumin (CUR) and berberine (BBR). RES is obtained from the skins of grapes and other fruits and berries. RES may extend human lifespan by activating the sirtuins and SIRT1 molecules. CUR is isolated from the root of turmeric (Curcuma longa). CUR is currently used in the tutreatment of many disorders, …

Critical Roles of EGFR family members in breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells: Targets for therapy

2016

The roles of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in various cancers including breast, bladder, brain, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, hepatocellular, lung, neuroblastoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, renal and other cancers have been keenly investigated since the 1980's. While the receptors and many downstream signaling molecules have been identified and characterized, there is still much to learn about this pathway and how its deregulation can lead to cancer and how it may be differentially regulated in various cell types. Multiple inhibitors to EGFR family members have been developed and many are in clinical use. Current research often focuses o…

Roles of TP53 in determining therapeutic sensitivity, growth, cellular senescence, invasion and metastasis.

2016

TP53 is a critical tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cellular senescence and many other properties critical for control of normal cellular growth and death. Due to the pleiotropic effects that TP53 has on gene expression and cellular physiology, mutations at this tumor suppressor gene result in diverse physiological effects. T53 mutations are frequently detected in numerous cancers. The expression of TP53 can be induced by various agents used to treat cancer patients such as chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation. Radiation will induce Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and other kinases that results in the phosphorylation and activation of TP53…

Helicobacter pylori - diagnostika izmantojot 13C urīnvielas elptestu un seroloģijas testu: rezultātu salīdzināšana

2017

Ievads. 2012.gada veiktajā pētījumā tika iegūti dati, ka Latvijā Helicobacter Pylori (HP) izplatība pieaugušo populācijā ir augstā līmenī – 79.21%. Prezentētajā pētījumā tika analizēta HP infekcijas izplatība saistībā ar sociāli-demogrāfiskiem faktoriem - dalībnieku izglītības līmeni, nodarbinātību, vidējiem ienākumiem, ģimenes stāvokli, smēķēšanas paradumiem Latvijas iedzīvotājiem. Pētījuma mērķis. HP testu, kuri veikti izmantojot 13C urīnvielas elptestu un seroloģijas testu Daudzcentru randomizēts pētījums kuņģa vēža izraisītās mirstības samazināšanai (GISTAR) pētījuma ietvarā, rezultātu salīdzināšana saistībā ar sociāli-demogrāfiskiem faktoriem. Materiāli un metodes. Darbs ir šķērsgriezu…

Medicīna (Latvijas Universitātes Raksti; 806. sēj.) 

2015

Roles of EGFR and KRAS and their downstream signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer and pancreatic cancer stem cells

2015

Pancreatic cancer is currently the fourth most common cancer, is increasing in incidence and soon will be the second leading cause of cancer death in the USA. This is a deadly malignancy with an incidence that approximates the mortality with 44,000 new cases and 36,000 deaths each year. Surgery, although only modestly successful, is the only curative option. However, due the locally aggressive nature and early metastasis, surgery can be performed on less than 20% of patients. Cytotoxic chemotherapy is palliative, has significant toxicity and improves survival very little. Thus new treatment paradigms are needed desperately. Due to the extremely high frequency of KRAS gene mutations (>90%) d…

Targeting breast cancer initiating cells: advances in breast cancer research and therapy

2014

Over the past 10 years there have been significant advances in our understanding of breast cancer and the important roles that breast cancer initiating cells (CICs) play in the development and resistance of breast cancer. Breast CICs endowed with self-renewing and tumor-initiating capacities are believed to be responsible for the relapses which often occur after various breast cancer therapies. In this review, we will summarize some of the key developments in breast CICs which will include discussion of some of the key genes implicated: estrogen receptor (. ER), HER2, BRCA1, TP53, PIK3CA, RB, P16INK1 and various miRs as well some drugs which are showing promise in targeting CICs. In additio…

An epistatic mini-circuitry between the transcription factors Snail and HNF4α controls liver stem cell and hepatocyte features exhorting opposite reg…

2011

Preservation of the epithelial state involves the stable repression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program, whereas maintenance of the stem compartment requires the inhibition of differentiation processes. A simple and direct molecular mini-circuitry between master elements of these biological processes might provide the best device to keep balanced such complex phenomena. In this work, we show that in hepatic stem cell Snail, a transcriptional repressor of the hepatocyte differentiation master gene HNF4α, directly represses the expression of the epithelial microRNAs (miRs)-200c and-34a, which in turn target several stem cell genes. Notably, in differentiated hepatocytes HNF4α, p…

Vēja elektrostaciju ietekme uz putniem rudens migrācijas laikā Baltijas jūras piekrastē (Liepāja, Latvija): metodikas aprobācija un pirmie rezultāti

2015

Vēja enerģijas izmantošana ir potenciāli izdevīgs ziemeļvalstu atjaunojamo energoresursu avots, kas nerada regulāru gaisa, ūdens un augsnes piesārņojumu. Latvijas rietumu un ziemeļu daļas ir piemērotas vēja enerģijas iegūšanai. Svarīgs aspekts vēja enerģētikas attīstībā ir tās ietekme uz vidi un dzīvajiem organismiem. Teorētiskajā daļā tika veikts vēja enerģētikas teorijas un citu valstu vēja elektrostacijas (VES) ietekmes pētījumu metodikas un iegūto rezultātu apskats šādās tēmās – vēja enerģijas iegūšana, putnu uzvedība un tās vizuālie novērojumi VES tuvumā, putnu un VES sadursmju noteicošie faktori, VES tiešā ietekme uz ornitofaunu, sadursmēs ar VES bojāgājušo putnu uzskaite, putnu mirst…

Apaļā jūrasgrunduļa Neogobius melanostomus krājuma novērtējums Baltijas jūras Latvijas piekrastē

2021

Pētījumā veikts apaļā jūrasgrunduļa krājuma novērtējums Baltijas jūras Latvijas dienvidaustrumu piekrastē no 2014. - 2020. gadam, izmantojot rūpnieciskās zvejas un zinātnisko uzskaišu datus. Krājuma novērtēšanai tika izmantoti Starptautiskās Jūras pētniecības (ICES) padomes aprobētie analītiskie (XSA un SAM) modeļi, kā arī produkcijas (SPiCT) modelis. Apaļā jūrasgrunduļa krājuma novērtējums Latvijas piekrastes rajonā no Papes līdz Pāvilostai pēdējos septiņus gadus uzrāda, ka kopējā krājuma biomasa pa gadiem vidēji sastāda 905 - 11657 tonnas, nārsta krājuma biomasa ir 785 - 11283 tonnas, taču populācijas papildinājums (viengadīgās zivis) ir 7,8 - 41,9 miljoni zivis. Novērtētais zvejas mirstī…